ʻO ka GR7 Titanium Plate (Ti-0.2Pd) - Ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa i ka palaho no nā wahi hoʻoweliweli loa
ʻO ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa o nā papa titanium maʻemaʻe kālepa āpau. Hiki i ka hoʻohuihui Palladium ke hana kūikawā i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā waikawa, nā chloride wela, a me nā wahi crevice koʻikoʻi kahi e hiki ʻole ai iā GR2 a me GR12 ke ola. ASTM B265 i loko o ka waihona, 1.0–13 mm.
Hōʻoia ʻia ʻo ISO 9001:2015 | Rm ≥ 345 MPa | Pd 0.12–0.25 wt% | EN 10204 3.1 MTC | ASME SB-265 | Mākaukau e hoʻouna aku i ka honua holoʻokoʻa
Nā Ana a me ka Waihona i Loaʻa
He papa kūikawā ʻo GR7 i mālama ʻia i nā nui i kālele ʻia. Hōʻike ka papa ma lalo nei i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hale kūʻai o kēia manawa mai ProX Metal. Hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā ana maʻamau mai 1.0 mm a hiki i 25 mm ma o ka hana ʻana o ka coil-to-sheet a hiki i 75 mm ma o ka ʻōwili ʻana i hoʻokahi pā, me ka palapala piha EN 10204 3.1 MTC.
Waihona Waiwai o Kēia Manawa
| Mānoanoa | Ka laulā (mm) | Ka lōʻihi (mm) | Kaumaha (kg) | ʻIli | Loaʻa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 mm | 1000 | 2000 | 44.0 | ʻĀlohilohi / Paʻakai ʻia | Loaʻa |
| 1.5 mm | 1000 | 2000 | 27.0 | ʻĀlohilohi / Paʻakai ʻia | Loaʻa |
| 2.0 mm | 1000 | 1850–2000 | 55.6 | ʻĀlohilohi / Paʻakai ʻia | Loaʻa |
| 2.0 mm | 1000 | 2000 | 16.0 | ʻĀlohilohi / Paʻakai ʻia | Loaʻa |
| 3.0 mm | 1000 | 2000 | 80.9 | ʻŌwili Wela ʻia | Loaʻa |
| 13.0 mm | 1010 | 1600 | 103.0 | ʻŌwili Wela ʻia | Loaʻa |
No ke aha ʻo GR7 mai ProX Metal
ʻO GR2 ke koho maʻamau no ka hapa nui o nā noi pale i ka pala. Hoʻohui ʻo GR12 iā Mo+Ni e pale aku i ka pala o ka chloride crevice wela. Akā i ka wā e loaʻa ai i ke kaʻina hana nā waikawa hoʻemi ikaika - ka waikawa hydrochloric wela, ka waikawa sulfuric dilute, nā brines chloride ma ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole nā kūlana crevice koʻikoʻi - ʻo GR7 wale nō ka mea e hāʻawi i ka palena palekana e pono ai.
Palekana Catalytic Palladium
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o 0.12–0.25% Pd e hoʻokumu i kahi ʻili catalytic e paipai ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka hydrogen, e mālama ana i kahi hiki ke pala haʻahaʻa a mālama i ka ʻili titanium oxide paʻa ʻoiai i nā kūlana hōʻemi ikaika.
Hoʻemi i ke kū'ē'ē ʻakika
Hiki iā GR7 ke kū i nā wahi HCl wela, H2SO4 hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a me ka phosphoric acid kahi e popopo koke ai ʻo GR2 a e hōʻike ʻo GR12 i ke ola palena.
Paepae ʻOki Kiʻekiʻe Loa
Hoʻokuke ʻo GR7 i ka paepae mahana corrosion crevice ma luna o 150°C i loko o nā brine chloride — ʻoi aku ma mua o GR2 (~82°C) a me GR12 (~120°C).
Hana like ʻana me GR2
Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻano mīkini me GR2, no laila ua like nā palena o ke kūkulu ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a me ka mīkini ʻana. ʻAʻohe pono o nā lako a i ʻole nā kaʻina hana kūikawā ma waho aʻe o ka uea hoʻopihapiha Pd-bearing.
Ua papa inoa ʻia ʻo ASME SB-265
Ua ʻāpono ʻia ʻo GR7 no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ipu kaomi ma lalo o ka Māhele VIII o ASME. Ua like nā koʻikoʻi hoʻolālā me GR2, no laila he maʻalahi ka hoʻololi ʻana ke koi ʻia e ka pala.
Ka hiki ke hahai ʻia no kēlā me kēia wela
Hoʻokomo pū ʻia kēlā me kēia hoʻouna GR7 me kahi EN 10204 3.1 MTC me ka ʻike Pd maoli, kemika piha, a me nā hopena hoʻāʻo mechanical no ka wela kikoʻī i hoʻolako ʻia.
Nā Kikoʻī ʻenehana
ʻO GR7 (ASTM Papa 7, UNS R52400, ka inoa Kina TA9) he papa titanium maʻemaʻe kālepa me kahi hoʻohui palladium liʻiliʻi akā koʻikoʻi. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā waiwai kemika a me nā mechanical e hāʻawi i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa i ka pala ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia o nā papa CP.
Ka Hoʻohui Kemika (ASTM B265 GR7)
| ʻElemene | Kikoʻī (wt%) | Kūlana Metallurgical |
|---|---|---|
| Pd | 0.12 – 0.25 | Mea hoʻonui ʻili Cathodic - mālama i ka hiki ke pala haʻahaʻa i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā waikawa |
| Fe | ≤ 0.30 | Ka haumia i kāohi ʻia |
| KA | ≤ 0.25 | Hoʻoikaika interstitial |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | Ka haumia i kāohi ʻia |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | Ka haumia i kāohi ʻia |
| H | ≤ 0.015 | Ua kaupalena ʻia e pale i ka hydride embrittlement |
| O | Kaulike | Metala matrix |
Nā Waiwai Mechanical (Mahana o ka Lumi, Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia)
| Waiwai | GR7 | GR2 | GR12 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ikaika Tensile Rm (MPa) | ≥ 345 | ≥ 345 | ≥ 483 |
| Ikaika Hua Rp0.2 (MPa) | ≥ 275 | ≥ 275 | ≥ 345 |
| Hoʻolōʻihi A (%) | ≥ 20 | ≥ 20 | ≥ 18 |
| Paʻakikī (HB) | ~160 | ~160 | ~200 |
| Ka nui (g/cm³) | 4.51 | 4.51 | 4.51 |
| Ka Mahana Lawelawe Loa. | ~150°C | ~150°C | ~300°C |
Nā Pono Kuʻihao
- Mea hoʻopiha hao: E hoʻohana i ka ERTi-7 (AWS A5.16) e mālama i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka Pd i ka metala wili ʻia. ʻAe ʻia ka mea hoʻopihapiha ERTi-2 no nā hui koʻikoʻi ʻole i GR2; e hana ka wili e like me GR2.
- Kaʻina Hana: ʻO ka GTAW maʻamau (TIG) me ka pale argon 100%, ka mahana interpass ma lalo o 150°C.
- Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana: ʻO ka pickle e wehe i ke kala wela a me ka haumia o ka ʻili. ʻO ke kala kālā a i ʻole ka mauʻu maloʻo = ʻae ʻia; polū/hina = hōʻole a pickle hou.
Hoʻohālikelike Papa: GR2 vs. GR12 vs. GR7
ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka papa titanium kūpono he kaulike ia ma waena o ke koʻikoʻi o ka pala, nā koi mīkini, a me ke kumukūʻai. ʻO GR7 ka hopena pala kiʻekiʻe; ʻaʻole ia he mea pono mau. E hoʻohana i kēia hoʻohālikelike e ʻike ai i ka wā e kūpono ai ʻo GR7.
Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka palaho
| Kaiapuni | GR2 | GR12 | GR7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wai kai (ambient) | Maikaʻi loa | Maikaʻi loa | Maikaʻi loa |
| Wai kai (>80°C) | Ka pilikia o ka māwae | Maikaʻi loa | Maikaʻi loa |
| Nā wai paʻakai chloride wela | Kiʻekiʻe ka pilikia | Maikaʻi–Maikaʻi loa | Maikaʻi loa |
| E hoʻoheheʻe iā HCl / H2SO4 | ʻilihune | Waena | Maikaʻi loa |
| HCl wela / nā waikawa hoʻemi ikaika | ʻAʻole kūpono | Kaupalena ʻia | Maikaʻi loa |
| Ka paepae palaho o ka ʻaoʻao | ~82°C | ~120°C | >150°C |
Nā Waiwai Mekanika
| Waiwai | GR2 | GR12 | GR7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ikaika Tensile Rm (MPa) | ≥ 345 | ≥ 483 | ≥ 345 |
| Ikaika Hua Rp0.2 (MPa) | ≥ 275 | ≥ 345 | ≥ 275 |
| Hoʻolōʻihi A (%) | ≥ 20 | ≥ 18 | ≥ 20 |
| Paʻakikī (HB) | ~160 | ~200 | ~160 |
Alakaʻi Kumukūʻai a me ke Koho ʻana
| Kumu | GR2 | GR12 | GR7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kumukūʻai Mea | $ — Haʻahaʻa loa | $$ — Kaulike | $$$ — Kūlana kiʻekiʻe |
| ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wā | Nā wahi hoʻomakeʻe a kūlike ʻole paha; ka wai kai ambient | Nā chloride wela, ka pilikia o ka palaho crevice, nā waikawa hoʻemi kaulike | Nā waikawa hoʻemi ikaika, HCl wela, māwae koʻikoʻi, hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe loa |
| Mea hoʻopiha wili | ERTi-2 | ERTi-12 | ERTi-7 |
Rula hoʻoholo: E hoʻomaka me GR2 no ka lawelawe oxidizing/neutral. E neʻe i GR12 i ka wā e lilo ai ka palaho chloride crevice wela i mea nui. E kuhikuhi i ka GR7 wale nō i ka wā e komo pū ai ke kemika hana me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i nā waikawa a i ʻole ke kumukūʻai o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka palaho e hōʻoia i ka uku palladium.
ʻAʻole maopopo i ka papa hea? E nīnau i kā mākou ʻenekinia →
Nā Noi ʻOihana
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo GR7 kahi i hoʻouka ʻia ai ke ʻano hāʻule ma ke ʻano kemika ma mua o ka hoʻouka nui ʻana o ka mīkini. Hoʻokele ʻia kāna mau noi e ke kaʻina hana - maʻamau i ka hana kemika, hydrometallurgy, a me nā ʻōnaehana desalination kahi i ʻae ʻole ʻia ai kahi liʻiliʻi o ka corrosion.
Nā Mea Hana Kemika a me nā Ipu Paʻi
ʻO nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka waikawa hydrochloric wela, nā mea waena chlorinated, a i ʻole nā kahawai waikawa sulfuric e pono ai kahi mea e noho passive ma o ka oxidation-reduction cycling. Hāʻawi ʻo GR7 i kēlā palena palekana. Ua helu ʻia ʻo ASME SB-265 no nā kīʻaha kaomi; nā lula hoʻolālā like me GR2.
- Kūʻē i ka HCl wela a hoʻoheheʻe iā H2SO4 kahi i hāʻule ai ʻo GR2
- Noho mālie ma o ka redox cycling i loko o nā meaola chlorinated
- Hoʻololi pololei i ka hoʻolālā no GR2 ma lalo o ka ʻĀpana VIII o ASME
- Ka hiki ke hahai piha ʻia me EN 10204 3.1 MTC no kēlā me kēia wela
Nā Hale Kemika PTA a me Brominated
Hoʻohana nā hale hana terephthalic acid i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia (PTA) i nā mea hoʻoulu oxidation i hoʻolaha ʻia e ka bromide. Hoʻokumu ka Bromide a me ka waikawa acetic wela i kahi ʻano huhū loa no nā pae haʻahaʻa. ʻO GR7 ka mea hana maʻamau no nā reactors koʻikoʻi loa, nā crystallizers, a me nā piping slurry i nā ʻāpana PTA.
- Mea maʻamau no nā mea hana hoʻomake PTA i hoʻolaha ʻia e ka bromide
- Kūʻē i nā hui ʻana o ka waikawa acetic wela + bromide
- ʻO ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi i nā crystallizers a me nā ʻōnaehana kānana
- Hoʻemi i nā pani i hoʻolālā ʻole ʻia mai nā leaka pala
Hoʻoheheʻe Hydrometallurgical
Hoʻohana nā kaapuni hoʻoheheʻe waikawa kiʻekiʻe-pressure (HPAL) a me ka oxidation pressure (POX) i ka waikawa sulfuric ma ka mahana a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo GR7 no nā autoclave internals, nā ipu flash, a me nā paipu downstream kahi i ʻoi aku ai ka nui o ka waikawa a me ka mahana ma mua o ka pae palekana no GR2 a me GR12.
- Nā ʻāpana autoclave HPAL i hōʻike ʻia i ka H2SO4 wela
- Nā moku POX a me nā pahu uila
- Nā ʻāpana paipu a me nā valve pale waikawa
- ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka corrosion ma mua o GR12 i loko o ka waikawa wela i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
Lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke kemika maikaʻi
ʻIke pinepine nā reactors batch lāʻau lapaʻau i nā ʻano waikawa like ʻole, halides, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik ma nā loli hoʻolaha. ʻO ke kūpaʻa ākea o GR7 i ka palaho e hoʻomaʻalahi i ke koho ʻana i nā mea a hōʻemi i ka pilikia o nā hanana palaho cross-campaign. Hoʻokō i nā koi biocompatibility a me ka maʻemaʻe.
- Nā reactors multi-purpose e lawelawe ana i nā waikawa a me nā halides
- Nā ʻili a me nā mea o loko e kū'ē i ka palaho
- Hoʻohālikelike kaʻina hana maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe
- Maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a passivate ma waena o nā ʻāpana
Nā ʻĀpana Koʻikoʻi o ka Desalination
No nā hale hana desalination wela nui, hoʻohana koho ʻia ʻo GR7 ma nā wahi brine wela loa a paʻa loa - ʻo ia hoʻi nā paipu hoʻomehana brine, nā pepa paipu, a me nā ʻāpana pamu wela kiʻekiʻe kahi i ʻae ʻole ʻia ai nā helu corrosion GR2 a me GR12 no ke ola hoʻolālā 30 mau makahiki.
- Nā paipu hoʻomehana brine a me nā pepa paipu ma nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe
- Nā ʻūpā a me nā impellers o ka pamu brine wela kiʻekiʻe
- I koho ʻia no ka hilinaʻi nui loa i nā papahana mega-desalination
- Ua hōʻoia ʻia ma ke kahua ma nā mea kanu o ka Hikina Waena a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau
Ka Hana ʻana i ka Waiwai Hoʻohui - Mākaukau no kāu Laina Hana
Hāʻawi mākou i ka hana ʻokiʻoki maʻamau no ka pā a me ka pepa GR7 — i hana ʻia i kāu mau ana kikoʻī a me nā koi kaha kiʻi. Inā makemake ʻoe i nā hakahaka huinahā, nā ʻano ʻokoʻa, a i ʻole nā ʻāpana i hoʻopau ʻia, hāʻawi mākou i nā mea i mākaukau no kāu laina hana.
Ka Hana ʻana i ka Hana & Hoʻolako Pololei ma ka Hale Hana
Ka Hiki ke Hana a me ka Waihona
Papa Inoa GR7 i kālele ʻia — 6 mau ʻāpana, ~326.5 kg
Mālama ʻo ProX Metal i kahi waihona i kuhikuhi ʻia o ka pepa GR7 a me ka pā i ka mānoanoa o 1.0–13 mm, me nā laulā ma kahi o 1000–1010 mm a me ka lōʻihi mai 1600–2000 mm. No nā koi nui a i ʻole nā koi maʻamau, hana mākou e kauoha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana coil-to-sheet a i ʻole ka ʻōwili pā hoʻokahi, i hōʻoia piha ʻia e ASTM B265 / ASME SB-265.
ʻOihana Kūlana Kiʻekiʻe
| Ka hiki | Nā kikoʻī |
|---|---|
| Nā Palapala Hōʻoia | ISO 9001:2015 • ASTM B265 • ASME SB-265 |
| Kūlana MTC | EN 10204 3.1 (maʻamau) • 3.2 e TUV/SGS/BV/Lloyd's (ma ke noi ʻana) |
| NDT | 100% Hoʻāʻo Ultrasonic no nā papa ≥10mm no ASTM B265 • PMI ma ke noi |
| Hoʻopau ʻili | Hoʻomoʻa ʻia + Paʻakai ʻia (maʻamau) • ʻŌwili Anu ʻĀlohilohi • Hoʻopāpā ʻia me ke one • Hoʻowali ʻia |
| Kūlana | Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka wili (maʻamau) • Hoʻomaha ʻia ke kaumaha (ma ke noi ʻana) |
| Ka hoʻopili ʻana | Nā pahu plywood kūpono no ke kai me ka VCI interleaving • Sila ʻana i ka vacuum no nā ukana moana |
Kahi Kūlana: Baoji Titanium Valley
Aia ke keʻena nui o ProX Metal ma Baoji, ka Panalāʻau ʻo Shaanxi — "ʻO ke awāwa ʻo Titanium o Kina." Aia ma luna o 60% o ka hiki ke hana titanium o Kina i loko o kahi radius 50 km. Hāʻawi kēia iā mākou i ke komo pololei i ka huʻa titanium kiʻekiʻe, ingot, nā wili wili, a me nā keʻena hoʻāʻo corrosion kūikawā. Mai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a hiki i ka pā i hoʻopau ʻia, hana ʻia kāu kauoha GR7 i loko o ke kaulahao hoʻolako titanium i hoʻopaʻa nui ʻia o ka honua.
Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia
Q: He aha ka papa titanium GR7?
A: ʻO GR7 (ASTM Grade 7, Ti-0.2Pd, UNS R52400, Kina i kapa ʻia ʻo TA9) he ʻano titanium maʻemaʻe i hoʻohui ʻia me 0.12–0.25% palladium. Hoʻomaikaʻi nui ka hoʻohui ʻana o Pd i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka palaho i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā waikawa a me nā wahi chloride wela, e lilo ia i mea kūpaʻa loa i ka palaho o nā papa titanium CP āpau.
Q: Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o GR7 mai GR2 a me GR12?
A: ʻO GR2 ka titanium CP unalloyed - maikaʻi loa i nā wahi oxidizing akā palupalu i ka crevice corrosion ma luna o ~80°C a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā waikawa. Hoʻohui ʻo GR12 iā Mo+Ni e pale aku i ka chloride wela crevice corrosion ma ke kumukūʻai kūpono. Hoʻohui ʻo GR7 i ka palladium, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi ʻili catalytic e mālama ana i nā helu corrosion haʻahaʻa ʻoiai i ka hōʻemi ikaika ʻana i nā waikawa a me nā kūlana crevice ʻino loa. ʻO GR7 ke koho premium i ka wā e hiki ʻole ai ke ʻae ʻia ka hāʻule ʻana o ka corrosion.
Q: No ke aha i ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o GR7 ma mua o GR2 a me GR12?
A: He metala makamae ka Palladium. ʻOiai ma 0.2 wt%, hoʻokele ka ʻike Pd i kahi uku nui o nā mea maka i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā papa CP. Hoʻākāka pinepine ʻia ʻo GR7 i ka wā e kūpono ai ke kaʻina hana i ke kumukūʻai - no ka laʻana, ka waikawa hydrochloric wela, ka waikawa sulfuric, a i ʻole nā brines chloride wela kiʻekiʻe kahi e hāʻule ai ʻo GR2 a me GR12.
Q: Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ʻo GR7 i GR2 a i ʻole GR12?
A: ʻAe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo GR7 me GR2 a me GR12 i ke ʻano metala. No ka hoʻopili ʻana iā GR7 iā ia iho, e hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻopihapiha ERTi-7 (Pd-bearing). No nā hui like ʻole me GR2, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ERTi-2 i kekahi manawa no nā kumu kumukūʻai, akā mālama ʻo ERTi-7 a i ʻole ERTi-12 i ka uhi pale ʻino ma ka hui. ʻO GTAW me ka pale argon 100% ka mea maʻamau.
Q: He aha ka like o GR7 ma ke ʻano maʻamau Kina?
A: Pili ʻo GR7 iā TA9 ma lalo o GB/T 3621. Hāʻawi ʻo ProX Metal iā GR7/TA9 me ka palapala hōʻoia dual-standard i ka wā e pono ai, e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā papahana e pili ana i nā kikoʻī ASTM a i ʻole GB/T.
Q: Loaʻa anei ka pā GR7 mai ka waihona?
A: He papa kūikawā ʻo GR7 me ka waihona maʻamau i kaupalena ʻia. Loaʻa iā ProX Metal kahi waihona i kālele ʻia o nā nui pepa/pā maʻamau (1.0–13 mm ka mānoanoa) a hiki ke hana i nā ana maʻamau i nā manawa alakaʻi pōkole. E kāhea mai iā mākou me kāu mānoanoa, ka laulā, ka lōʻihi, a me ka nui e pono ai no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia manawa a me ke kumukūʻai.
Pono ʻoe i kahi papa kūpaʻa i ka pala hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi?
E hoʻouna mai i kou mānoanoa, nā ana, a me nā kikoʻī o ke kaʻina hana — e paipai kā mākou hui iā GR7 ke pono maoli nō.
Hoʻouna i ka Nīnau →E noi i kahi ʻōlelo kūʻai no ka GR7 Titanium Plate
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